In this paper we derive a new controllability rank test for general first-order representations. The criterion generalizes the well-known controllability rank test for linear input-state systems as well as a controllability rank test by Mertzios et al. for descriptor systems.

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CWI
Department of Operations Research, Statistics, and System Theory [BS]

Helmke, U., Rosenthal, J., & Schumacher, H. (1995). A controllability test for general first-order representations. Department of Operations Research, Statistics, and System Theory [BS]. CWI.