Applications of AI, in particular data-driven decision-making, concern citizens, governments and corporations. China was one of the first countries to have identified AI as a key technology in which to invest heavily and develop a national strategy. This in turn has led to many other countries and the European Union (EU) to develop their own strategies. The societal investments and applications of AI are so far-reaching that looking only at the resulting technological innovations is insufficient. Instead we need to be aware of the societal implications of AI applications – of which there are many – as well as the geo-political role of business and academic players.