Parenn is the typical generalisation of the Dyck language to multiple types of parentheses. We generalise its notion of balancedness to allow parentheses of different types to freely commute. We show that balanced regular and ω -regular languages can be characterised by syntactic constraints on regular and ω -regular expressions and, using the shuffle on trajectories operator, we define grammars for balanced-by-construction expressions with which one can express every balanced regular and ω -regular language.
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doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81508-0_11
Lecture Notes in Computer Science
International Conference on Developments in Language Theory
Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, Amsterdam (CWI), The Netherlands

Edixhoven, L., & Jongmans, S. (2021). Balanced-by-construction regular and ω -regular languages. In Developments in language theory (pp. 130–142). doi:10.1007/978-3-030-81508-0_11