In this paper, we propose a multi-scale model of energy demand that is consistent with observations at a macro scale, in our use-case standard load profiles for (residential) electric loads. We employ the model to study incentives to assume the risk of volatile market prices for intelligent energy cooperatives at different aggregation scales of energy consumption. Next to scale, we investigate the benefits of demand response, more precisely intelligent scheduling of time-shiftable electric processes, and virtual storage intraday and between days. Results show that the increasing electrification and introduction of flexibilities (electric vehicles, thermal applications, storage, etc.) is going to make market participation viable for smaller groups of consumers. Retailers may thus introduce innovative tariffs for intelligent energy cooperatives to share the risk of volatility in wholesale markets for electricity.

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IEEE
doi.org/10.1109/ISGT-Asia.2015.7386995
Stable and scalable decentralized power balancing systems using adaptive clustering
IEEE PES Conference on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies
Intelligent and autonomous systems

Methenitis, G., Kaisers, M., & La Poutré, H. (2015). A multi-scale energy demand model suggests sharing market risks with intelligent energy cooperatives. In Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT Asia), 2015 IEEE. IEEE. doi:10.1109/ISGT-Asia.2015.7386995