In this paper, we show how scheduling problems can be modelled in untimed process algebra, by using special tick-actions. As a result, we can use efficient, distributed state space generators to solve scheduling problems. Also, we can use more flexible data specifications than timed model checkers usually provide. We propose a variant on breadth-first search, which visits the states per time slice between ticks. We applied our approach to find optimal schedules for test batches of a realistic clinical chemical analyser, which performs several kinds of tests on patient samples.
ACM
International Workshop on Formal Methods for Industrial Critical Systems
Specification and Analysis of Embedded Systems

Wijs, A., van de Pol, J., & Bortnik, E. (2005). Solving scheduling problems by untimed model checking. In Proceedings of International Workshop on Formal Methods for Critical Systems 2005 (10) (pp. 54–61). ACM.